Enable pin using programmable hysteresis improvement

ABSTRACT

An apparatus for providing programmable hysteresis control using an enable pin of a device is disclosed. An enable pin is configured to receive an input signal to enable and disable an associated device responsive to the input signal. A current sink is attached to the enable pin and is responsive to circuitry that disables the current sink responsive to application of the input signal at a first voltage level and enables the current sink responsive to application of the input signal at a second voltage level.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 60/553,923 entitled “PROGRAMMABLE HYSTERESISIMPROVEMENT” filed on Mar. 17, 2004.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to DC-DC converters, and moreparticularly, to an enable pin of a DC-DC converter or similar device.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The enable pin of a DC-DC converter or other type of device may be usedfor voltage monitoring in some applications. Existing designs establisha precision threshold with which to enable a DC-DC converter or similardevice given a particular application requirement. Prior art designs usea current source that sources current into the enable pin after logicalassertion of the enable signal to the enable pin to provide hysteresiscontrol. However, in certain applications, a current source may not beused because the enable pin is being multiplexed to perform otherfunctions. In one example, the enable pin may be utilized to activate atest/trim mode. If a positive current source were applied to the enablepin in these circumstances, a parasitic diode would result that wouldprevent the enable pin from being used to activate the test/trim mode.Thus, there is a need to establish some other manner for establishing ahysteresis magnitude that does not require the application of a currentsource to the enable pin.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention disclosed and claimed herein, in one aspectthereof, comprises an apparatus for providing programmable hysteresiscontrol within a device. An enable pin of the device is configured toreceive an input signal that enables or disables the associated deviceresponsive to the input signal. A current source is attached to theenable pin as the current sink. The current source is responsive tocontrol circuitry that disables the current sink responsive toapplication of the input signal at a first voltage level to the enablepin and enables the current sink responsive to application of the inputvoltage at a second level to the enable pin.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention and theadvantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptiontaken in conjunction with the accompanying Drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a DC-DC converter in which the enable pindesign of the present disclosure may be implemented;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit for providing hysteresiscontrol according to the present invention; and

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating the operation of the circuit ofFIG. 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIG. 1, whereinthere is illustrated the general circuit configuration of a conventionalDC-DC voltage converter as comprising a DC-DC controller, which fullycontrols the turn on and turn off of a pair of electronic switchingdevices, respectively, shown as an upper FET pass element 120 and alower FET pass element 130. These FET switching devices have theirdrain/source paths coupled in between first and second referencevoltages V_(DD) and ground (GND). Each pass element contains acontrollable switch shown as an upper switch 122 and a lower switch 132.The upper pass element contains a body diode 121 in parallel with thedrain/source path such that the reverse current flows through the diodebody toward V_(DD). A lower pass element 130 contains a body diode 131in parallel with the drain/source path such that the reverse currentflows through the body diode from ground. A common or phase voltage 125between the two power FETs 120/130 is coupled through an inductor 140 toa capacitor 150 coupled to a reference voltage (GND). The connection 145between the inductor 140 and the capacitor 150 serves as an output nodefrom which the output voltage VOUT is derived.

The DC-DC converter's controller 110 includes a gate driver circuit 111,that is operative to turn the two switching devices 120 and 130 on andoff, in accordance with a periodic pulse wave form (typically, a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) switching wave form generated by a PWM logiccircuit 112). The upper circuit 122 is turned on and off by an uppergate switch signal UG applied by the gate driver 111 to the gate of thepass element 120, and the lower switch 132 is turned on and off by alower gate signal LG applied to the gate driver 111 to the gate of thepass element 130.

FIG. 2 illustrates the manner in which an enable pin 202 associated withthe DC-DC converter 102 of FIG. 1 may be configured to enable operationof the DC-DC converter 102 and provide hysteresis control. While thepresent description is made with respect to an enable pin of a DC-DCconverter, any device having an enable pin may find this configurationuseful. The enable pin 202 provides a SYS_ENABLE signal 203 to enablethe DC-DC voltage converter 102. The enable pin 202, in addition toenabling the DC-DC voltage converter 102, may be used for otherfunctions. These functions include voltage monitoring within the DC-DCconverter 102 and activation of test/trim modes within the DC-DCconverter 102. As discussed herein above, previous implementations haveutilized a current source sourcing to the enable pin to set hysteresismagnitude and provide hysteresis control. However, this can create anundesired parasitic diode in certain applications.

The present embodiment includes a first resistor R_(UP) 204 connectedbetween an input voltage V_(IN) and a node 208 connected to the enablepin 202. A second resistor R_(DOWN) 206 is connected between node 208and ground. The resistor pair R_(UP) 204 and R_(DOWN) 206 form aresistor divider network. The enable pin 202 is connected to a positiveinput of a comparator 210. The negative input of the comparator 210 isconnected to a reference voltage V_(REF) which enables comparison of theinput voltage applied to the enable pin 202 to the reference voltageV_(REF). A current source 212 is connected between the enable pin 102and ground to act as a current sink. The current source 212 isresponsive to the SYS_ENABLE signal 203 and is active when the enablepin is receiving a logical level for a disable signal that disables theDC-DC converter 102 and is inactive when the enable pin 102 is receivinga logical level for an enable signal for the DC-DC converter 102. Thisconfiguration enables the enable pin 202 to be used for controlling aprogrammable hysteresis when the enable pin 202 is being used forvoltage monitoring.

While the input voltage V_(IN) is ramping up to a targeted thresholdvoltage V_(REF), the resistor divider network, consisting of resistor104 and resistor 106, scales V_(IN) to match the internal referencevoltage V_(REF) being applied to the negative input of the comparator110. At the same time, the current source 112 is acting as a currentsink and actively pulling down on the enable pin 102 to provide anadditional voltage offset which is compensated for in the selection ofthe values R_(UP) and R_(DOWN) for resistors 104 and 106. The values ofR_(UP) and R_(DOWN) may be determined according to the followingequations:

$R_{UP} = \frac{V_{EN\_ HYS}}{I_{EN\_ HYS}}$$R_{DOWN} = \frac{R_{UP}*V_{EN\_ REF}}{V_{EN\_ FTH} - V_{EN\_ REF}}$V_(EN_FTH) = V_(EN_RTH) − V_(EN_HYS)

-   -   wherein:        -   V_(EN) _(—) _(HYS)=a desired magnitude of hysteresis;        -   V_(EN) _(—) _(FTH)=a desired falling voltage trip point;        -   V_(EN) _(—) _(RTH)=an enable rising threshold; and        -   I_(EN) _(—) _(HYS)=the value of the current provided by            current source 112.

When the input voltage V_(IN) causes the voltage applied to the enablepin 202 to exceed the reference voltage V_(REF), the comparator 210provides a logic signal at a first level that deactivates the currentsource 212 and enables the DC-DC voltage regulator. The deactivation ofthe current source 212 causes the voltage on the enable pin 202 toincrease, thus adding positive feedback hysteresis to the DC-DC voltageconverter 102 and improves input noise immunity.

When the input voltage V_(IN) causes the voltage applied to the enablepin 202 to decrease to a voltage level lower than the reference voltageV_(REF) threshold, the comparator 210 provides a logic signal at asecond level that activates the current source 212. Provision of thelogic signal at the second level by the comparator 210 will alsodeactivate the associated DC-DC voltage converter 102. When the currentsource 212 activates, the voltage level on the enable pin 102 is pulledeven lower and adds positive feedback hysteresis to the system.

Referring now to FIG. 3, there is illustrated a flow diagram describingthe manner in which the circuit of FIG. 2 operates. Initially, theenable pin 202 is provided with a logical disable signal at a selectedvoltage level, and the output of comparator 210 will provide a falsesignal, causing the current source 212 to be activated at step 300.Inquiry step 302 determines whether the voltage applied at the enablepin 202 exceeds the reference voltage V_(REF). If the reference voltageV_(REF) is greater than the voltage on the enable pin 202, thecomparator 210 continues to provide a logical false signal at step 304.When the enable pin voltage exceeds the reference voltage V_(REF), thecomparator 210 asserts a logical true signal at step 306. Assertion ofthe logical true signal at step 306 causes the current source 212 to bedeactivated at step 308.

Once the current source 212 has been deactivated, inquiry step 310determines if the enable pin voltage is less than the reference voltageV_(REF) at the comparator 210. If the enable pin voltage is not lessthan the reference voltage V_(REF), the comparator 210 output continuesasserting a logical true signal at step 312. When the enable pin voltagedrops below the reference voltage V_(IN), the comparator 210 will asserta logical false signal at step 314. The logical false signal asserted bythe comparator 210 causes the current source 212 to be activated at step316. Once the current source 212 is activated at step 316, controlreturns to step 302.

Using the above-described configuration, the enable pin 202 may be usedfor additional purposes, such as multiplexing the enable pin 202functionality to activate a test/trim mode. This configuration isdistinct from existing designs which have the current source initiallyon and deactivate the current source after assertion of the enable pinto provide a programmable hysteresis functionality.

Although the preferred embodiment has been described in detail, itshould be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterationscan be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention as defined by the appended claims.

1. A DC-DC voltage converter package comprising: a DC-DC voltageconverter circuitry; an enable pin for receiving an external voltagesignal to enable and disable the DC-DC voltage converter circuitryresponsive to the external voltage signal; a comparator within the DC-DCvoltage converter package for comparing the external voltage signal to areference voltage signal, the comparator having an inverting inputconnected to receive the reference voltage signal and the non-invertinginput connected directly to the enable pin; a constant current sourcefor providing a constant current sink over a variety of operatingconditions connected directly to the enable pin within the DC-DC voltageconverter package and the non-inverting input of the comparator andactively pulling down a voltage on the enable pin of the DC-DC voltageconverter circuitry in a second mode of operation, wherein the constantcurrent source is enabled in the second mode of operation and disabledin a first mode of operation; a resistor divider network connected tothe enable pin, the resistor divider including a first resistorconnected between the external voltage signal and the enable pin and asecond resistor connected between the enable pin and ground, theresistor divider network enabling programming of an amount of positivehysteresis and negative hysteresis; wherein the comparator generates acontrol signal at a logical “high” voltage level for disabling thecurrent sink and enabling the DC-DC voltage converter circuitry in thefirst mode of operation if the input voltage signal is greater than thereference voltage signal and generates the control signal at a logical“low” voltage level for enabling the current sink and disabling theDC-DC voltage converter circuitry in the second mode of operation if theinput voltage signal is less than the reference signal; wherein thecurrent sink actively pulls down the voltage on the enable pin toprovide an additional voltage offset at the enable pin in the secondmode of operation adding negative feedback hysteresis; and whereindeactivation of the current source in the first mode of operationincreases the voltage on the enable pin adding positive hysteresis. 2.The apparatus of claim 1 further including the resistor divider networkconnected between the input signal and the enable pin.
 3. A method forproviding programmable hysteresis control to a DC/DC voltage converterpackage, comprising the steps of: receiving an input signal at an enablepin of the DC/DC voltage converter package, the input signal forenabling and disabling a DC/DC converter; comparing the input signalreceived at the enable pin to a reference signal; generating within theDC/DC voltage converter package a control signal at a logical “low”voltage level if the input signal is less than the reference signal andat a logical “high” voltage level if the input signal is greater thanthe reference signal; enabling a constant current source connected tothe enable pin responsive to the control signal at the logical “low”voltage level; actively pulling down a voltage at the enable pinresponsive to enabling the constant current source to provide negativefeedback hysteresis to the enable pin; disabling the DC/DC converterwithin the DC/DC voltage converter package responsive to the controlsignal at the logical “low” voltage level; disabling the constantcurrent source connected to the enable pin responsive to the controlsignal at the logical “high” voltage level; and increasing the voltageat the enable pin responsive to disabling the constant current source toprovide positive feedback hysteresis to the enable pin; enabling theDC/DC converter responsive to the control signal at the logical highvoltage level; and multiplexing the enable pin for at least one ofvoltage monitoring within the DC/DC converter or activating test/trimmodes within the DC/DC converter when the DC/DC converter is enabled andthe constant current source is disabled and the input signal remainsabove the reference signal.
 4. An integrated circuit device package,comprising: a DC/DC voltage converter circuitry; an enable pin forreceiving an input signal to enable and disable the DC/DC convertercircuitry responsive to the input signal; a comparator within the DC-DCvoltage converter package for comparing the external voltage signal to areference voltage signal, the comparator having an inverting inputconnected to receive the reference voltage signal and the non-invertinginput connected directly to the enable pin; a constant current sourcefor providing a constant current sink connected directly to the enablepin within the integrated circuit device package and the non-invertinginput of the comparator and actively pulling down a voltage on theenable pin of the DC/DC converter circuitry, wherein the constantcurrent source is enabled in the second mode of operation and disabledin the second mode of operation; a resistor divider network connected tothe enable pin, the resistor divider including a first resistorconnected between the external voltage signal and the enable pin and asecond resistor connected between the enable pin and ground, theresistor divider network enabling programming of an amount of positivehysteresis and negative hysteresis; wherein the comparator generates acontrol signal at a logical “high” voltage level for disabling thecurrent sink and enabling the DC/DC converter circuitry in the firstmode of operation if the input signal is greater than the referencesignal and generates the control signal at the second voltage level forenabling the current sink and disabling the DC/DC converter circuitry inthe logical “low” mode of operation if the input signal is less than thereference signal, wherein the enable pin is also multiplexed foralternative uses when the DC/DC converter circuitry is enabled and thecurrent sink is disabled.
 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein theenable pin may be multiplexed to perform the activation of test/trimmodes within the DC/DC converter circuitry while the DC/DC convertercircuitry is enabled.
 6. The method of claim 3, further including thestep of programming the negative feedback hysteresis and the positivefeedback hysteresis to a desired level using a voltage divider circuitconnected to the enable pin.